MKR is a cryptocurrency depicted as a smart contract platform and works alongside the Dai coin and aims to act as a hedge currency that provides traders with a stable alternative to the majority of coins currently available on the market. Maker offers a transparent stablecoin system that is fully inspectable on the Ethereum blockchain. Founded almost three years ago, MakerDao is lead by Rune Christensen, its CEO and founder. Maker’s MKR coin is a recent entrant to the market and is not a well known project. However, after today it will be known by many more people after blowing up 40% and it is one of the coins to rise to prominence during the recent peaks and troughs. After being developed by the MakerDAO team, Maker Dai officially went live on December 18th, 2017. Dai is a price stable coin that is suitable for payments, savings, or collateral and provides cryptocurrency traders with increased options concerning opening and closing positions. Dai lives completely on the blockchain chain with its stability unmediated by the legal system or trusted counterparties and helps facilitate trading while staying entirely in the world of cryptocurrencies. The concept of a stablecoin is fairly straight forward – it’s a token that has its price or value pegged to a particular fiat currency. A stablecoin is a token (like Bitcoin and Ethereum) that exists on a blockchain, but unlike Bitcoin or Ethereum, Dai has no volatility. MKR is an ERC-20 token on the Ethereum blockchain and can not be mined. It’s instead created/destroyed in response to DAI price fluctuations in order to keep it hovering around $1 USD. MKR is used to pay transaction fees on the Maker system, and it collateralizes the system. Holding MKR comes with voting rights within Maker’s continuous approval voting system. Bad governance devalues MKR tokens, so MKR holders are incentivized to vote for the good of the entire system. It’s a fully decentralized and democratic structure, then, which is an underutilized USP of blockchain tech. Value volatility is a relative concept among both cryptos and fiat currencies. The US dollar, for example, was worth 110.748 yen on July 9, 2018. On July 4, 2011, $1 was worth 80.64 yen, and on March 18, 1985, $1 was worth 255.65 yen. These are major differences in exchange rates, and inflation within each country makes each currency worth different values even when compared to themselves. One USD in 1913 is worth the equivalent of $25.41 today, and even $1 in 1993 is worth the equivalent of $1.74 today. Stablecoins don’t negate these basic economic principles of value. Instead, both Tether and Dai have values pegged to the U.S. dollar. This is done to stabilize the price.

MakerDAO是以太坊上的去中心化自治组织和智能合约系统，提供以太坊上第一个去中心稳定货币Dai。DAI是有数字资产抵押背书的硬通货，和美元保持1:1锚定。MKR是Maker系统的管理型代币和效用代币，用来支付借Dai的稳定费用以及参与管理系统。与Dai稳定货币不同，由于其独特的供给机制和在Maker平台上的作用，MKR的价值和整个系统的表现息息相关。去中心化稳定货币Dai在抵押贷款、杠杆交易、避险保值、国际汇款、供应链和政府公开记账方面都有关键的应用。

 

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一、Maker DAO 通证

 

Maker DAO 系统是由多个智能合约（Sai Tap、Sai Tub、Vox、Medianiser 等）和 ERC-20 通证组成. 它们一起来确保 DAI 通证的稳定性。

                                                                图1 Maker DAO 通证流动周转和智能合约的使用方式

 

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二、项目特点

 

1、均衡系统内的矛盾：
假如ETH迅速贬值，会让Dai的抵押物的价值迅速下降，造成系统的崩溃。大量持有Dai的用户会出现挤兑的现象，Dai的价值会迅速贬值。就像大量储户向银行索要存款，银行出现流动性紧张的情况一样。于是Maker创建了MKR代币。让CDP的抵押率由MKR的持有人投票决定。作为对系统的管理者，会获得一定的奖励。然而当系统中的抵押品不足覆盖Dai价值的时候，MKR就会创建新的Dai来弥补价值。这就为MKR持有者提供了强有力的激励，让他们必须规范的创造Dai的系数，如果系统失败，损失的是他们而非Dai的持有者。通过MKR代币就能均衡系统内的矛盾，稳定Dai的价值与美元恒定，增强投资者的信心。

2、终极保障 - 全球清算：
虽然系统做了层层防护，避免出现崩溃的现象，但是Maker团队为了保障用户的利益，创建了全球清算系统，来抵御不可预测的危机。全球清算系统触发时，整个系统就会被冻结，所有的Dai和CDP的持有者将被退回抵押物。如果一个全球性的结算程序被触发，用户拥有100个Dai，1个ether价值100美元，用户可以通过一个智能合约直接交换他们的100个Dai。全球结算可以由一组持有全球结算密钥的可信人员触发。全球清算唯一可以做的就是还回你的抵押品，不会代表你交易，因此是去中心化的设计，能帮你挽回最大的损失。

3、杠杆功能：
在Maker系统中，可以发现Dai其实是用ETH换来的贷款。用户可以继续用Dai去市场上购买ETH，然后循环使用。虽然抵押率让贷出来的Dai的数量逐渐减少，但是也能让用户使用数倍的杠杆，金融属性非常强。这就像用抵押银行贷出来的钱继续购买房产一样，都是金融的杠杆。

相关链接：
https://linux.cn/article-10862-1.html
https://makerdao.com/zh-CN/